Hemolytic anemia

Symptoms of hemolytic anemia can vary but commonly include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Pale skin
• Rapid heart rate
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Dark urine
• Enlarged spleen or liver
• Leg ulcers (in sickle cell anemia)

Diagnosis of hemolytic anemia typically involves blood tests to evaluate the number and function of red blood cells, as well as tests to identify the underlying cause of the anemia. This may include tests to evaluate for autoimmune disorders or genetic mutations.

Treatment of hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, treatment may not be necessary if the anemia is mild and not causing significant symptoms. However, if the anemia is severe, treatment may include medications to suppress the immune system (in autoimmune hemolytic anemia), blood transfusions, or surgery (in hereditary spherocytosis).

With appropriate treatment, most people with hemolytic anemia can manage their symptoms and prevent complications. However, ongoing monitoring and management are necessary to prevent recurrence and long-term complications.